The hybrid warfare in the current Latin American context. Case study: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela during 2019.

Abstract

From the rise to power of Hugo Chávez to the current mandate of President Nicolás Maduro, the Bolivarian Revolution has suffered 20 years of attacks by the U.S. government. The forms of the attacks are increasingly aggressive and harmful to the security, sovereignty, welfare and territorial integrity of the Bolivarian people due to their multidimensional nature. In the literature, these aggressions are conceived within a hybrid war, such as the one that occurred in 2019 against the government of the Constitutional President Nicolás Maduro Moros and the Bolivarian Revolution, with the aim of overthrowing both. Hence, the purpose of this research is to analyze the application of a multidimensional variant of warfare, which in the literature is called hybrid warfare, in Venezuela by the government of the United States of America (USA).